Secondary Metabolites in Drug Development: Tracing Their Historical and Therapeutic Impact

Year : 2024 | Volume : | : | Page : –
By

Anjna Kumari,

Ruchi Sangal,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, NSCBM Govt. College Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Govt. College Naduan, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India

Abstract

Secondary metabolites, also known as natural products, exhibit a level of structural and chemical diversity unmatched by synthetic small molecule libraries. These compounds, which have evolved to possess drug-like properties, continue to be a primary source for new medications and drug leads. Their discovery has significantly impacted advancements in chemistry, biology, and medicine, influencing drug development and therapeutic strategies throughout history.Derived from primary metabolic pathways such as photosynthesis, glycolysis, and the Krebs cycle, secondary metabolites are formed from the essential biosynthetic intermediates produced by these processes (Dewick, 2002). Plants and their extracts are composed of a diverse range of bioactive compounds or phytochemicals, which vary in polarity. These phytochemicals form the basis for numerous pharmaceutical products. The specific components of a plant play a crucial role in identifying crude medicines, and they are typically associated with minimal adverse effects. Throughout history, humans have turned to nature, especially plants, in their search for new drugs. Consequently, many medicinal plants with therapeutic properties are now employed to treat various conditions. Historical records such as the Ebers Papyrus (circa 2900 B.C.) document approximately 700 plant- based remedies, such as gargles, pills, infusions, and ointments, which are listed in CITES Appendix II. Other ancient texts which provided extensive information on traditional medicinal plants, such as the Chinese Materia Medica with 52 formulas, the Shennong Herbal with 365 remedies, and the Tang Herbal with 850 drugs also detail the use of natural products. Given that only about 10% of global biodiversity has been explored for its potential biological activity, there remains a vast array of natural compounds yet to be discovered, highlighting the challenge of accessing this diverse chemical resource (Bernardini et al., 2018). In light of emerging diseases like cancers, AIDS, SARS, and bird flu, alongside growing environmental challenges including biodiversity loss and land and water degradation, there is an urgent need to identify and isolate novel and beneficial molecules. These discoveries are crucial for addressing and mitigating various aspects of human health and environmental issues (Bacon and White, 2003).

Keywords: Natural product, Secondary metabolites, Photosynthesis, Biodiversity, AIDS, Medication, SARS

How to cite this article:
Anjna Kumari, Ruchi Sangal. Secondary Metabolites in Drug Development: Tracing Their Historical and Therapeutic Impact. . 2024; ():-.
How to cite this URL:
Anjna Kumari, Ruchi Sangal. Secondary Metabolites in Drug Development: Tracing Their Historical and Therapeutic Impact. . 2024; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com//article=2024/view=174985



Fetching IP address…

References

  1. Aadesariya MK, Ram VR, Dave PN. Extraction, Isolation and Identification of Useful Phyto Constituents from Dichloromethane Leave Extract of Abutilon Pannosum and Grewia Tenax Using QTOF LC/MS. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Scienceis. 2017;4(10):1-4.
  2.   Alkaloids-Secrets of Life::Aklaloid Chemistry, Biological Significance, Applications and Ecological Role. Elsevier. 2007 Mar 22.
  3. Mercado-Blanco J, JJ Lugtenberg B. Biotechnological applications of bacterial endophytes. Current Biotechnology. 2014 Feb 1; 3(1):60-75.
  4. Beith M. Healing threads: traditional medicines of the highlands and islands. Birlinn Publishers. 2004.
  5. Bernardini S, Tiezzi A, Laghezza Masci V, Ovidi E. Natural products for human health: an historical overview of the drug discovery approaches. natural product research. 2018 Aug 18;32(16):1926-50.
  6. Bhatti RC, Nirmala C, Kaur A, Singh S, Kumar P, Kaur R, Singh AN. Harnessing of local plant species by indigenous people of Hamirpur district for ethno-veterinary purposes. annals of plant sciences. 2017;6(12):1898-925.
  7. Buss AD, Cox B, Waigh RD. Natural products as leads for new pharmaceuticals. Burger’s medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. 2003 Jan 15:847-900.
  8. Colegate SM, Molyneux RJ, editors. Bioactive natural products: detection, isolation, and structural determination. CRC press. 2007 Dec 14.
  9. Cragg GM, Newman DJ, Snader KM. Natural products in drug discovery and development. Journal of natural products. 1997a Jan 22;60(1):52-60.
  10. Cragg GM, Newman DJ. Natural product drug discovery in the next millennium. Pharmaceutical biology. 2001 Jan 1; 39(sup1):8-17.
  11. Cragg GM, Newman DJ. Biodiversity: A continuing source of novel drug leads. Pure and applied chemistry. 2005 Jan 1;77(1):7-24.
  12. Marderosian DA, Beutler JA. The Review of Natural Products, ; Facts and Comparisons; Seattle.2002;13-43.
  13. Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. Perspectives from nearly five decades of total synthesis of natural products and their analogues for biology and medicine. Natural product reports. 2020; 37(11):1404-35.
  14. Dias DA, Urban S, Roessner U. A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery. Metabolites. 2012 Apr 16;2(2):303-36.
  15. Joshee N, Dhekney SA, Parajuli P. Medicinal plants. Switzerland: Springer, Cham. 2019:1-427.
  16. Drugs from the deep: marine natural products as drug candidates. Drug discovery today. 2003 Jun 15;8(12):536-44.
  17. Fennell CW, Lindsey KL, McGaw LJ, Sparg SG, Stafford GI, Elgorashi EE, Grace OM, Van Staden J. Assessing African medicinal plants for efficacy and safety: pharmacological screening and toxicology. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2004 Oct 1;94(2-3):205-17.
  18. Samy RP, Pushparaj PN, Gopalakrishnakone P. A compilation of bioactive compounds from Ayurveda. Bioinformation. 2008; 3(3):100.
  19. Kong JM, Goh NK, Chia LS, Chia TF. Recent advances in traditional plant drugs and orchids. Acta PharmacologicaSinica. 2003 Jan 1;24(1):7-21.
  20. Mishra BB, Tiwari VK. Natural products: an evolving role in future drug discovery. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2011 Oct 1;46(10):4769-807.
  21. Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. Journal of natural products. 2012 Mar 23;75(3):311-35.
  22. Patwardhan B. Ethnopharmacology and drug discovery. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2005 Aug 22;100(1-2):50-52.
  23. Sharma P, Samant SS. Diversity, distribution, indigenous uses and conservation of orchids in Parvati Valley of Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, NorthWestern Himalaya. J. Biodivers. Endanger Species. 2017; 5:1-5.
Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume
Received August 20, 2024
Accepted September 20, 2024
Published September 23, 2024
Views: 56

Check Our other Platform for Workshops in the field of AI, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology.
Learn more
Check Out Platform for Webinars in the field of AI, Biotech. & Nanotech.
Learn more