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Lakshay Bhutani,
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- Student Department of Life science, Amity University, Noida Uttar Pradesh India
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Abstract
nThe Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in India, initiated by the Government of India in 1985 and incorporated into the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program in 1992, plays a crucial role in enhancing public health through systematic vaccination efforts. This program aims to save lives and strengthen immune systems by administering vaccines and antibiotics. The UIP has spurred the development of various campaigns, including mass media efforts, to promote immunization against a range of diseases such as tetanus, coronavirus, and others. Supported by the Bureau of Energy and Family Prosperity, the Management of India, and the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI), the UIP provides essential vaccines to infants, children, and pregnant women. India, as a major vaccine manufacturing hub with a robust national regulatory authority, is integral to the global supply of vaccines and conducts one of the world’s largest immunization programs. In recent advancements, the UIP has introduced adult vaccines against specific diseases like the orient type of encephalitis in areas with high incidence rates, following thorough studies and consultations with NTAGI. Vaccines under UIP can be categorized into two types: inactivated and live-attenuated. Inactivated vaccines use dead pathogens to stimulate immunity and require frequent booster shots, examples include polio and rabies vaccines. Live-attenuated vaccines, on the other hand, use weakened forms of pathogens to induce a strong, lasting immune response, as seen in vaccines for measles, mumps, rotavirus, smallpox, and chickenpox. The development of vaccines generally involves either inactivating the virus chemically or physically, or weakening it before administration. Although inactivated vaccines necessitate regular transfusions to maintain immunity, they are a critical component of the immunization strategy. Through these multifaceted efforts, the UIP continues to combat infectious diseases and safeguard public health in India.
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Keywords: Electronic Vaccine, Hepatitis-B, Rotavirus Vaccine, Cold Chain, Immunization
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References
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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology & Virology
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| Volume | ||
| [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] | ||
| Received | May 16, 2024 | |
| Accepted | July 9, 2024 | |
| Published | July 18, 2024 |
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