Global Burden of Major Depressive Disorder: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Impact: A Comprehensive review

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Year : July 18, 2024 at 12:51 pm | [if 1553 equals=””] Volume : [else] Volume :[/if 1553] | [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] : | Page : –

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Marefa Tuz Zohora Lima, Tanvir Ahmed Tamim, Israt Jahan, Esaba Sadia, Fatema Tuz Zohora Toma

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  1. Medical Officer, Student, Lecturer, Lecturer, Senior Scientific Officer Medical Officer, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka Central International Medical College, Department of Physiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Department of Physiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Experimental Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Bangladesh

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Abstract

nIn this review, we will discuss about the major depressive disorders on the basis of neurobiological changes. MDD, a prevalent psychiatric condition, manifests as a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors with a substantial impact on individuals and societies globally. Here the clinical assessment is fully based on diagnosis and the statistical manual for mental disorder, 5th edition (DSM-5). The pathophysiology involves Diagnosis alterations in neurotransmitter systems, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and inflammatory responses. Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine imbalances contribute to mood disturbances, with the monoamine hypothesis highlighting the role of neurotransmitter deficiencies. Abnormalities in the HPA axis leads to hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and cortisol, influencing stress responses in MDD. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines play a role in neuroinflammation, affecting neurotransmitter function and contributing to depressive symptoms. Power spectral analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals reveals distinctive patterns, including altered delta, theta, alpha, and beta waves, providing insights into neural activity changes in MDD. Spectral asymmetry, particularly in frontal regions, further indicates neurobiological correlates of depression. Conventional treatments primarily include antidepressant medications and psychotherapy, although challenges in efficacy and tolerability exist. Understanding the multifaceted aspects of MDD is crucial for improving diagnosis, treatment, and overall mental health outcomes. Potential biomarkers, emerging therapies are considered as treatment response. By critically examining existing challenges and embracing innovative approaches, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts in improving the treatment landscape for individuals grappling with Major Depressive Disorder.

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Keywords: MDD, DSM-V, BDI, diagnosis, pathophysiology

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Emerging Trends in Metabolites(etm)]

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[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Emerging Trends in Metabolites(etm)][/if 424][if 424 equals=”Conference”]This article belongs to Conference [/if 424]

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How to cite this article: Marefa Tuz Zohora Lima, Tanvir Ahmed Tamim, Israt Jahan, Esaba Sadia, Fatema Tuz Zohora Toma. Global Burden of Major Depressive Disorder: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Impact: A Comprehensive review. Emerging Trends in Metabolites. July 18, 2024; ():-.

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How to cite this URL: Marefa Tuz Zohora Lima, Tanvir Ahmed Tamim, Israt Jahan, Esaba Sadia, Fatema Tuz Zohora Toma. Global Burden of Major Depressive Disorder: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Impact: A Comprehensive review. Emerging Trends in Metabolites. July 18, 2024; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/etm/article=July 18, 2024/view=0

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Emerging Trends in Metabolites

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Volume
[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424]
Received June 28, 2024
Accepted June 29, 2024
Published July 18, 2024

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